Approximately 174 petawatts (PW) of sunlight reaches the Earth's upper atmosphere continuously. However, due to factors such as atmospheric absorption, reflection, and scattering, the amount of sunlight that actually reaches the Earth's surface varies. On average, about 1361 watts per square meter (W/m²) of solar irradiance reaches the top of the Earth's atmosphere, also known as the solar constant, according to measurements made by the most recent NASA satellite missions.
While Solar Link, conceived by Elija Halil, could stand out as a unique project in its design, it certainly isn't the first to delve into the realm of energy possibilities. Elon Musk, the CEO of Space X and Tesla has emphasized the potential of solar energy, delving into its potential impact on human existence. The billionaire reiterated a concept he had previously shared back in June 2022.
In 2017, a report published by "Power Technology" titled "The Sahara: a solar battery for Europe" spotlighted a modest British firm called TuNur. This company had applied to the Tunisian government for permission to initiate the construction of a 4.5 Gigawatt concentrated solar power project situated in the Sahara Desert. Should this endeavor succeed, the resulting energy could be conveyed to Europe via subterranean cables, providing the continent with a novel, carbon-free alternative for baseline power, as elaborated in the article.
A recent article in Forbes highlighted the aspirations of both TuNur and Elmed (a proposed 600 MW undersea high-voltage direct current interconnector) in Tunisia. Their aim is to deliver clean electricity to Europe by transmitting it through Italy. According to the article, TuNur is expected to make its final investment decision by the year 2024.
Responding on Quora, Dr. Mehran Moalem, a distinguished Professor renowned for expertise in Nuclear Materials and Nuclear Fuel Cycle at UC Berkeley, offered insights. He stated that the comprehensive global energy consumption in 2015, encompassing coal, oil, hydroelectric, nuclear, and renewable sources, totaled 13,000 Million Tons of Oil Equivalent (13,000 MTOE) – data corroborated by World Energy Consumption & Stats. This cumulative energy usage corresponded to a consistent power output of 17.3 Terawatts throughout that year.
Expanding on the solar potential, Dr. Moalem outlined that by covering an area of Earth measuring 335 kilometers by 335 kilometers with solar panels, even with readily attainable moderate efficiencies, the outcome would exceed 17.4 Terawatts of power generation. This area encompasses 43,000 square miles. The vast expanse of the Great Saharan Desert in Africa, which experiences sunlight for over twelve hours daily, spans 3.6 million square miles and emerges as an ideal candidate for solar energy exploitation. He further illuminated that merely 1.2% of this colossal desert area would suffice to meet the world's entire energy demands through solar power.